PRODUCT/SERVICE
DEVELOPMENT AND PROCESS ENGINEERING
The product/service
development and process engineering core process provides a focus to
develop new products/services that respond to the voice of the
customer. The intent of this process is to position the business to
respond to changing customer requirements and to anticipate
potential customer problems (before they even recognize that they
have one) and solve them. Obviously a traditional approach to
design, (product definition-design work-redesign) is not effective.
There are three rules of effective product development. Changing the
business paradigms requires the mastery of these three rules: Know
your competitors, know your product development capability, and act
precisely and decisively.
Knowing your
competitors is essential to avoiding the "we know best" syndrome.
The tendency is to focus on one business issue at a time. We also
tend to seek excellence by searching for "what" and "how" solutions.
While "what" and "how" criteria are important, we must also seek the
"why" and "when" as well. This requires us to not only understand
our own business fundamentals but also the underlying motivations
of the obvious performance indices of the competition. This
holistic approach can enable us to more accurately compare and
effectively apply the best practices of the competition to our new
product development process. If you see someone doing something and
it works, copy it. If it works very well, copy it quickly.
Knowing your
product or service development capability is critical to success.
You must be honest with yourself. Your customers award their
business to you. It is their perceived value of your products or
services that either makes or breaks your business. Thus one of your
business objectives must be to create a product or service
development capability or process that satisfies the greatest number
of customers within the dominant strategy.
Acting precisely
and decisively implies the need to prepare as well as the need to
act. A "ready-fire-aim" philosophy seldom breeds success; likewise
a "ready-aim-aim-aim-aim-fire" just does not work. The approach that
seems to be more common in the successful business is the
"ready-aim-fire-fire-fire-fire-fire" philosophy. In other words, do
a through job of planning, ensure that the direction is correct, and
execute. You can't fix the problem after the fact by throwing more
resources into the breach.
The classical
approach to new product or service development is embedded in the
management approach to the business, sequential product design,
competitive bidding, multiple suppliers, just in case inventory,
functional organization structures, quality through inspection,
market research models, engineering designs, hierarchical
management, and islands of automation. This mindset embraces a set
of paradigms that virtually guarantee that you will continue to do
things the same way that you have always done them and most likely
achieve the same results so long as the world doesn't move. To break
out of the existing new product or service development process
requires that you embrace a new set of business paradigms.
A process is
defined as a bounded group of interrelated work activities
providing output of greater value than the inputs; it is essentially
a method for doing things. A well-managed business process has the
following characteristics: clearly defined ownership, defined
boundaries and interfaces, documented work flows, clearly defined
control points, established measures, and control over process
deviations. The utilization of a process approach to new product or
service development is a function of the paradigms of the management
of the business. Do they embrace simultaneous/concurrent
engineering, supplier partnerships, single souring, Just-in-Time
inventories, cross-functional teams, quality at the source,
listening to customers' requirements as well as trying to uncover
their needs, design for manufacturing as well as assembly, total
employee engagement, and flow manufacturing as well as logistics?
The process itself will be considerably different depending on the
selected business strategy. The time and energy invested in the
development of the new product or service can and probably will
vary based on the process.
A well-designed
structured process for new product or service development would
consist of the following major elements: concept, concept
development, product/service development, full-scale production,
and product/service introduction. Each of these elements must be
creatively developed to support the dominant strategy selected. In
addition, it is necessary to establish criteria to bring closure
and agreement to each of these elements as you progress through the
process.
Managing new
product or service development with a process approach is not a
revolutionary new concept. Most companies have developed some type
of product or service development process. Regardless of their
intent, traditional development approaches generally fall within two
categories, the first being a formalized, stringent, and very
uncompromising technical process that stifles organizational
flexibility and creativity. The second is typically so undefined
that it results in only "me too" type products if at all.
Neither approach
fits today's competitive atmosphere. As a result, both of these
approaches are more hype than reality. They hinder more than help
and seldom fulfill their intended purpose: to channel and facilitate
organizational creativity toward satisfying customers needs. The
critical nature of this issue cannot be overstated! Each day you
perpetuate an ineffective product or service development process,
you become less competitive.
Customers continue
to become more, not less, knowledgeable and sophisticated. In turn,
they are demanding a greater, not lesser, array of innovative,
complex, and WOW products. Who will meet these challenges? The
answer is the most talented, creative, and innovative people and
companies. An effective product or service development process must
balance and integrate creative people needs with those of effective
supporting processes and business strategies.
To Be Continued